Compact cars, an increasingly popular choice among many drivers today, come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Renowned for their affordability, convenience, and fuel efficiency, these vehicles offer tremendous advantages, particularly in congested urban environments.
Despite their small size, they often boast surprisingly spacious interiors and cutting-edge technology.
Additionally, they offer lower maintenance and repair costs.
Many might wonder about their specifics and what truly sets them apart from their counterparts: mid-size and full-size vehicles.
This piece aims to dissect the vital aspects of compact cars, highlighting their attributes, features, and why they might be the ideal option for numerous drivers.
Contents
- What Is A Compact Car?
- Understanding Compact Cars: A Step-by-Step Guide
- What Qualifies a Vehicle as a Compact Car?
- The Differences Between Compact, Mid-size, and Full-size Cars
- Investigating the Fuel Efficiency of Compact Cars
- Navigating Urban Environments: Maneuverability of Compact Cars
- Compact Cars and Interior Space: Surprisingly Roomy?
- The Impact of Compact Cars on Maintenance and Repair Costs
- How Convenient is a Compact Car for Everyday Use?
- High-Tech Features Commonly Found in Compact Cars
- Why Choose a Compact Car: Advantages for Different Driver Types
- The Bottom Line
What Is A Compact Car?
A compact car is a class of vehicle that is larger than a subcompact car but smaller than a mid-size car. These vehicles are defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as having a combined interior and cargo volume of 100–109 cubic feet. Typically, compact cars are more fuel-efficient and easier to maneuver than larger vehicles, making them suitable for city driving.
Delving deeper into the topic, it is essential to understand the noticeable advantages and features of compact cars, which have contributed to their popularity worldwide.
Keep reading as we also delve into the history of compact cars, their typical safety features, and the future of compact cars in the growing electric vehicle market.
Understanding Compact Cars: A Step-by-Step Guide
We live in an era where automotive innovation continues to redefine our understanding of transportation. One such innovation that has garnered much attention over the years is the compact car.
The term compact car might stir up images of small, cramped vehicles often found in busy city environments. This guide aims to delve a bit deeper, exploring all aspects of what makes a compact car – convenience, efficiency, and space optimization.
Defining Compact Cars
By basic definition, a compact car is a car classification used to denote a small-sized car which is larger than a subcompact car but smaller than a mid-size car. However, it is important to note that the exact specifications can greatly vary depending on the region.
For example, in the United States, a car is considered compact if it meets the qualifications set forth by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). According to the EPA, a compact car is one between 100-109 cubic feet of combined passenger and cargo volume.
In Europe, the term ‘C-segment’ is popularly used to imply compact cars, and they account for a significant number of car sales in the region.
Compact cars are essentially a blend of economy, practicality, and style.
These cars are designed with the intent to optimize fuel efficiency and conserve space, all while offering the strength and stability of larger cars. The resulting compact car, therefore, manages to strike a balance between economy, practicality, and style, making them ideal for a myriad of users.
Compact Cars Vs Other Vehicle Types
An important aspect of understanding compact cars is knowing how they differ from other vehicle types. This is largely done by differentiating compact cars from their immediate subsets: subcompact cars and mid-size cars.
A compact car is larger than a subcompact car but smaller than a mid-size car in size, and it often tends to lean closer to the mid-size car end of the spectrum. Compact cars also usually offer more power and a smoother ride than subcompact cars. In comparison to mid-size cars, compact cars are more economical, primarily in terms of fuel consumption and purchase price.
Your browser does not support the video tag, view it on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGO987axRXI.
For more insight into the distinguishing factors of compact cars from other vehicle types, check out this informative video. It provides an extensive overview of compact cars from the early 2000s, providing a historical perspective on their evolution.
In conclusion, the compact car is essentially the mid-point in the gamut of car sizes, offering a balance that makes it a sensible choice for a variety of needs and preferences. As we delve deeper into this guide, you will gain even more insight into the unique features and benefits of compact cars.
What Qualifies a Vehicle as a Compact Car?
Dimensions of a Compact Car
The definition of a compact car largely depends on the standards and regulations in a given country. Still, an important consideration for it revolves around its dimensions.
Compact cars must adhere to certain size parameters to qualify as compact vehicles. These classes of vehicles are typically smaller than midsize or full-size vehicles, but larger than subcompact cars.
Overall, compact cars usually range in length from about 161 inches to 187 inches.
This criterion applies not just to the body length but also the wheelbase, which has a considerable influence on the interior space and ride comfort. In addition to this, compact cars also tend to be narrower and shorter in height than their larger counterparts.
Their dimensions make them ideal for crowded city streets and hauling around fewer passengers.
Fuel Economy and Engine Size
Fuel efficiency is another significant factor that qualifies a vehicle as a compact car.
These vehicles tend to have smaller-engine displacements, usually around 1.5 to 2.5 liters. The smaller engines take up less space, use less fuel, and emit fewer greenhouse gases compared to bigger engines.
Consequently, compact cars usually offer significantly better fuel economy than midsize and full-size cars.
This attribute results in lower fuel cost, making compact cars an economical choice for many drivers. However, the engine displacement and fuel economy can vary widely depending on the make and model.
Thus, it’s essential to consider the individual vehicle specifications when determining whether it falls within the compact car category.
What isn’t a Compact Car?
Compact cars are not to be confused with subcompact cars or sports cars. While these vehicles may have similar dimensions, they differ in other aspects.
For instance, subcompacts are smaller and lighter than compact cars. These vehicles usually have room for up to four passengers and much smaller trunk space. They also tend to offer better fuel economy due to their lighter weight.
On the other hand, sports cars, which could potentially fall within the compact size range, tend to focus on performance rather than fuel efficiency, negating the low fuel consumption benefit usually associated with compact cars.
Furthermore, sports cars usually have rear-wheel drive while compact cars typically have front-wheel drive, thus affecting their drivability and functionality under different road conditions.
In essence, a compact car is qualified by its size, engine displacement and consequent fuel economy. However, these factors should be looked at comprehensively, considering the particular car model and market classifications.
The Differences Between Compact, Mid-size, and Full-size Cars
Understanding the nuances and differences between compact, mid-size, and full-size cars is crucial when deciding on a suitable vehicle. Each of these categories has unique characteristics that set them apart, catering to different driver needs and preferences.
Compact Cars: Designed for Efficiency and Maneuverability
Compact cars are smaller, typically offering seating for four to five passengers. Their smaller size makes them ideal for city driving and navigating through congested traffic.
Although they may appear small on the outside, many compact cars are designed to maximize interior space and comfort.
They are inherently more fuel-efficient due to their lighter weight and smaller engines. Simply put, compact cars are designed to be smart, practical, and efficient, making them perfect for short commutes and city driving.
Compact cars are designed to be smart, practical, and efficient, making them perfect for short commutes and city driving.
This doesn’t merely mean that they lack features or benefits, many modern compact cars come loaded with high-tech amenities and luxurious touches that are more common in larger counterparts.
Mid-size Cars: A Balance Between Space and Efficiency
Mid-size cars may offer a little more room and tend to have more powerful engines than compact cars. These vehicles strike a balance between the efficiency of a compact car and the space and muscle of a full-size car.
While they may not offer the same agility and fuel economy as compact vehicles, mid-size cars can still comfortably navigate through urban environments and provide decent fuel efficiency.
Mid-size cars strike a balance between the efficiency of a compact car and the space and muscle of a full-size car.
Newer models often come equipped with a range of high-tech features. Some mid-size models even offer hybrid versions for even better fuel efficiency.
Full-size Cars: Power, Luxury, and Space
Focused on power, ride comfort, and interior space, full-size cars are the largest passenger vehicles. They provide more legroom, trunk space, and features than compact or mid-size vehicles, usually housing powerful engines.
However, they are often less fuel-efficient and may be more challenging to handle in city conditions due to their size.
While they can be an excellent choice for long-distance travel and family use, the full-size vehicle’s larger engine and increased fuel consumption make it less suitable for urban dwellers or those on a stricter budget.
Watching the embedded video will give a practical overview of examples of compact cars. It can help viewers make an informed decision about whether a compact car would meet their specific needs and preferences.
Investigating the Fuel Efficiency of Compact Cars
When it comes to assessing the benefits of compact cars, one factor that stands out unabashedly is their impressive fuel efficiency.
How Fuel Efficiency Factors In
For the uninitiated, fuel efficiency refers to how many miles a car can travel on a single gallon of fuel.
This metric is often used to measure the economic value of a vehicle and can greatly contribute to how cost-effective a car is.
Granted, the mileage a car offers can vary significantly based on the driving conditions and the driver’s habits, among other variables.
However, it’s a universally acknowledged fact that compact cars tend to deliver excellent mileage, making them an attractive option for car buyers.
The fuel efficiency of a car plays a key role in gauging its environmental impact and overall running costs.
The aforementioned quote rings true especially in this day and age when environmental conservation is a rising concern.
Better fuel economy translates to less exhaust emissions, securing compact cars a spot in the list of more eco-friendly personal transport solutions.
The Science Behind Compact Cars’ Fuel Efficiency
Understanding why compact cars are more fuel-efficient requires a basic understanding of car mechanics.
Simply put, vehicles need more power and consequently, more fuel, to move heavier loads.
Compact cars, being lighter than their full-sized counterparts due to their smaller size, naturally call for less fuel consumption.
Moreover, compact cars typically have smaller engines, which further bolsters their fuel economy.
Smaller engines often mean less fuel consumption and reduced emissions.
It’s crucial to note that a smaller engine doesn’t necessarily mean less power.
With advancements in technology, compact cars now boast engines that are able to deliver satisfactory performance without compromising on mileage.
The Role of Design and Technology in Fuel Efficiency
Furthermore, there’s more to compact cars’ fuel efficiency than just weight and engine size.
Design and technology also play a pivotal role in this regard.
For instance, the aerodynamic designs of compact cars reduce air drag, thereby improving fuel efficiency.
Similarly, technologies like variable valve timing (VVT), continuously variable transmission (CVT), and turbochargers can help compact cars achieve stellar fuel economy{!!
Design and technological advancements are integral to improving the fuel economy of compact cars.
These aforementioned technologies work by either improving the engine’s efficiency or by reducing the energy wasted within the vehicle’s systems.
All said and done, it’s evident that the fuel efficiency of compact cars is a result of a blend of design, weight considerations, engine size, and advanced technologies.
When it comes to navigating urban environments, the maneuverability of compact cars often shines above all other types. It’s almost like compact cars were specifically designed to slip in and out of tight parking spots, and handle the quick turns and narrow lanes commonly found in cities.
Compact Cars: The City Commuter’s Best Friend
Compact cars, by virtue of their size, allow for easier navigation and parking in congested urban areas. Due to their small size, they often have a smaller turning radius, enabling efficient handling and maneuverability around the many obstacles of city driving.
The ability to park in tighter spaces is another big advantage of compact cars in the city. With the reduced length and width of compact cars, they can comfortably fit into parking spaces that larger cars simply can’t. This can drastically reduce the time and stress spent searching for a suitable parking spot.
The reduced size also means lesser blind spots, providing better visibility and enabling safer navigation through crowded city streets. In addition, smaller cars are lighter which affects the car’s overall performance, giving it quicker acceleration and braking responsiveness.
The smaller the car, the smaller the turning radius, making city driving easier and safer.
There is always a slight learning curve when switching to a smaller vehicle. However, once the driver adapts, they often find that the maneuverability of a compact car in city conditions is unparalleled. Indeed, compact cars can assertively zip through city traffic and easily tackle those tight street corner turns.
Comparing Compact Cars with Larger Vehicles
When compared to their mid-size and full-size counterparts, compact cars provide far better maneuverability. The ability of a small car to accelerate quickly and brake responsively—combined with greater visibility and a smaller turning radius—translates to easier and safer city driving.
Unlike larger vehicles, compact cars are less likely to block the road or obstruct traffic while parking or making turns. This factor alone can greatly mitigate the common stresses and potential hazards associated with urban driving.
The design elements of compact cars – including their lighter weight and wheelbase length – complement these practical benefits further by promoting smoother driving, even in stop-and-go traffic situations common in cities.
The lightweight design and smaller wheelbase of compact cars promote smoother driving and improved maneuverability in city traffic.
It’s clear then that the combination of a compact car’s size, weight, and design all contribute to its superior maneuverability in urban settings.
Watching this video will give you a better understanding of the differences between economy and compact cars in terms of their maneuverability, particularly in city settings. You may also get insights into other aspects such as their fuel efficiency, interior space, and overall convenience.
Compact Cars and Interior Space: Surprisingly Roomy?
When thinking about compact cars, many people automatically assume that they’re cramped and lacking in interior space.
But that is not always the case. In fact, many compact cars now come with intelligently designed interiors to maximize the space.
Car manufacturers have greatly improved in creating efficient space-saving designs.
Even if the exterior sizes are smaller, the interior space of compact cars has seen a significant enhancement over the years.
This could be attributed to the creative solutions employed by car designers such as reorganizing seating arrangements, or utilising foldable seats.
Also, implementing practical storage solutions have greatly increased space for passengers and their belongings.
For example, many models feature deep center consoles, door pockets, and under-seat storage which greatly contribute to overall elbow and legroom.
Car Models with Surprisingly Spacious Interiors
Some compact cars like the Honda Fit and the Volkswagen Golf have been praised for their impressive interior space despite their compact size.
With their clever seating arrangements and creative storage solutions, passengers are surprised by the amount of comfort and room these compact cars provide.
The Honda Fit, for instance, features a unique rear seat arrangement that can fold flat or flip up, providing a wide variety of cargo-carrying options.
Both of these compact cars balance space, functionality, and comfort, making them impressive options in terms of interior space.
Additionally, both provide ample space for taller passengers and support a considerable amount of cargo for their size.
These models prove that interior space is not strictly tied to the overall dimensions of a vehicle, but rather its intelligent design.
Comfort and Amenities in Compact Cars
Furthermore, compact cars have not compromised comfort and amenities for space.
Many compact cars come with amenities usually found in larger and pricier vehicles, such as leather seats, heated seats, and advanced entertainment systems.
In addition to space and comfort, these improvements in amenities represent a significant step up from the compact cars of the past.
Compact vehicles now provide a surprisingly luxurious and comfortable ride for passengers, which exemplifies their broad appeal.
Today’s compact cars not only maximize space, but they have also introduced amenities and comforts that make driving and riding in them highly enjoyable.
Increasingly, car buyers that value both space and luxury are finding what they need in compact cars.
In conclusion, while compact cars may be smaller in size, their interiors are more spacious and comfortable than many would expect.
This has been achieved through clever design, the addition of practical features, and by not compromising on amenities and comfort.
It’s safe to say that these improvements have made compact cars a viable option for many drivers, regardless of their size.
The Impact of Compact Cars on Maintenance and Repair Costs
When considering the purchase of a compact car, many potential buyers often query about the maintenance and repair costs associated with such vehicles.
Interestingly, compact cars are generally more affordable to maintain and repair compared to their larger counterparts.
Cost-Effective Maintenance
Under routine conditions, compact cars can be very cost-friendly when it comes to general upkeep.
They normally require standard maintenance such as oil changes, tyre rotations, and brake checks just like any other vehicle category.
However, the costs for these routine maintenance tasks are typically significantly cheaper than for larger vehicles due to the car’s smaller stature and simpler parts.
The costs for routine maintenance tasks for compact cars are typically cheaper due to smaller stature and simpler parts.
This is because smaller vehicles have less oil to change, fewer tyres to rotate, and smaller brake parts to replace.
Moreover, compact cars often come equipped with smaller engines which can be easier – and hence less expensive – to work on.
Lower Repair Costs
As well as affordable maintenance, repair costs for compact cars also tend to be lower.
This is generally due to the fact that the parts for these cars are less expensive because they are smaller and more readily available.
Moreover, labour costs may also be less because the smaller size may equate to less time spent on repairs by a mechanic.
Repair costs for compact cars tend to be lower due to less expensive parts and potentially lower labour costs.
This obviously would vary depending on the exact nature and extent of the repairs needed, but on average compact cars are often cheaper to service and repair in the long run.
h3>Savings on Consumables
Another factor to consider is the potential savings on consumables such as tires, brakes, and standard wear and tear parts.
Compact cars, due to their smaller size and weight, tend to wear out components like these at a slower pace than larger, heavier cars.
As a result, the lifespan of these components can be extended, leading to additional cost savings in maintenance and repairs.
All these factors combine to make the compact car an attractive choice for those looking to minimise their spend on vehicle maintenance and repair.
For additional insights into the cost-efficiency of different vehicle types, the embedded video provides an illustrative guide.
It sheds light on the fuel efficiency of various cars – a factor which also heavily impacts overall maintenance and running costs.
How Convenient is a Compact Car for Everyday Use?
When one thinks about everyday use of a car, convenience plays a significant role in the decision of which vehicle to choose.
Compact Cars and Parking Ease
Compact cars are known for their effortless parking capabilities due to their smaller size.
When in a hectic city environment or a crowded parking lot, drivers often find it much easier to locate a suitable parking spot and squeeze in when driving a more compact car.
Perhaps, this could be considered one of the more enticing benefits of owning a compact car.
You can always find a parking spot fast, save time, and avoid minor scratches or dents that could occur with bigger, less manoeuvrable vehicles.
From dodging through shopping centres to squeezing into that last spot on the street, compact cars offer an unequalled parking advantage.
Compact cars are known for their effortless parking capabilities due to their smaller size.
This quality stands true especially in urban locations, where parking spaces are generally smaller and more difficult to navigate through.
As such, the convenience of a compact car in daily transportation is greatly amplified.
Handling Traffic and Maneuverability
Compact cars have excellent manoeuvrability which is particularly useful in heavy traffic situations.
They allow you to weave through traffic more swiftly and safely, providing a quicker way to reach your destination.
This makes a compact car an excellent choice for daily commuting, especially when driving through high-traffic areas or tight city streets.
Additionally, the zippy and light handling of compact cars offers a more engaging and entertaining driving experience.
It is no surprise that many drivers who have chosen this type of car praise it for its nimbleness on the road.
Compact cars have excellent manoeuverability which is particularly useful in heavy traffic situations.
These factors make compact cars not only an efficient mode of transport but also a joyous one.
Cost-efficiency in Daily Use
Vehicle use is not only about the driving experience, but also the affordability that comes with it.
Compact cars are generally quite cost-effective, particularly when it comes to fuel consumption.
These vehicles are often able to achieve higher miles per gallon (MPG) ratings, making them less expensive to run over time.
Compact cars also tend to have a lower initial cost and maintenance fees, making them a budget-friendly option for everyday use.
This is another reason why compact cars serve as a preferred choice for many daily drivers from all walks of life.
Compact cars are generally quite cost-effective, particularly when it comes to fuel consumption.
Given these benefits, it becomes clear how owning a compact car can prove to be economical in the long run.
From fuel efficiency to cost-effectiveness, compact cars offer a range of advantages that make them ideal for daily use.
So whether one is a city dweller, a budget-conscious driver, or someone who values effortless parking and traffic manoeuvrability, compact cars prove to be an incredibly convenient choice.
High-Tech Features Commonly Found in Compact Cars
As advances in technology continue to integrate into automobile manufacturing, compact cars are no exception. Many folks might be surprised to find that often, the advancements in compact cars rival those of their larger counterparts.
However, one should bear in mind that the level of high-tech features largely depends on the car model and manufacturer.
Connectivity and Infotainment
In today’s digital age, staying connected is a vital part of many people’s lives. Ensuring this, most compact cars come equipped with advanced infotainment systems that offer connectivity options such as Bluetooth, Android Auto, and Apple CarPlay.
These systems allow drivers and passengers to connect their smartphones to the car’s system, access navigation, make hands-free calls, and control music selections.
The sophisticated infotainment screens also often include a rear-view camera, adding an extra layer of safety when reversing or parking.
> “Most compact cars come equipped with advanced infotainment systems that offer connectivity options.”Having these features not only enhances your driving experience but also contributes significantly to safe and convenient travelling. The benefits included are noteworthy and have undeniably become an expectation in the vehicle market.
Safety Technologies
A significant advancement in car technology is the incorporation of active and passive safety features. Compact cars are no exception to predominantly include these safeguards.
Active safety technologies are designed to prevent accidents and include features like Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS), and Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS).
Passive safety features, on the other hand, are designed to mitigate injury in case of a crash. These include airbags, seatbelts, and crumple zones.
Moreover, increasingly, compact cars offer advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). These include features like automatic emergency braking, lane-keeping assist, and collision warning systems.
All these sophisticated safety elements greatly enhance the overall safety of compact cars, making them a reliable choice for drivers.
> “Compact cars are no exception to predominantly include these safeguards.”It’s clear that safety technologies available in compact cars have evolved impressively over the years. Definitely, this high-tech progress is making the roads safer for everyone, no matter what size car they’re driving.
By viewing this insightful video, you might discover valuable information regarding the most fuel-efficient compact cars available in 2022. Additionally, you could gain a better understanding of how features of these cars contribute to their enhanced fuel economy.
Innovative Design and Battery Technology
The evolution of compact cars is not limited to connectivity and safety. Innovative design and battery technologies also play key roles in their progression.
For instance, lightweight materials and aerodynamic design reduce the car’s weight, subsequently improving fuel efficiency. Furthermore, advancements in battery technology present in hybrid and electric compact cars have led to longer ranges and shorter charging times.
These technological advancements not only lead to cars that are more economical and environmentally friendly but also prove that compact cars aren’t compromising on cutting-edge technological features.
> “Innovative design and battery technologies also play key roles in their progression.”Keeping in mind the increasing push towards sustainability and the shift towards cleaner, electric-powered transportation, these features make compact cars a genuinely modern choice. Undeniably, the growth and inclusion of cutting-edge tech within compact cars is a trend that is set to continue.
Why Choose a Compact Car: Advantages for Different Driver Types
As urbanizaton continues to rise, there has been a noteworthy shift in consumer preferences toward smaller vehicles, such as compact cars.
Efficiency and Affordability
Compact cars are generally known for their impressive fuel efficiency.
As the demand for green solutions continues to skyrocket, the attractive miles-per-gallon that these cars can provide is notable.
Moreover, initial purchase prices and ongoing operating costs are often much lower when compared to larger vehicles.
Thus, for budget-conscious consumers or those looking to lessen their environmental impact, compact cars can be a smart choice.
Compact cars can be even more appealing considering the increasing price of gas and the environmental footprint of large vehicles.
Moreover, initial purchase prices and ongoing operating costs are often much lower when compared to larger vehicles.
This makes them a particularly attractive option for younger buyers making their first car purchase, or budget-conscious drivers looking to downsize.
Urban and City Driving
Compact cars are designed with city driving in mind, making them an optimal choice for urban dwellers.
Their smaller size facilitates easy parking and nimble maneuvering in crowded city streets.
Dodging traffic and fitting into tight parking spaces becomes less troublesome with a compact car when compared with full-size or even mid-size vehicles.
Compact cars also often score well in terms of noise and vibration reductions making the drive more pleasant.
The overall comfort and ease of driving in urban landscapes make compact cars a compelling choice for city drivers.
Their smaller size facilitates easy parking and nimble maneuvering in crowded city streets.
And these cars are not just for singleton city slickers. Even families are finding compact cars more to their taste especially considering their surprisingly roomy interior space and advanced safety features.
Safety and Advanced Technologies
While it’s true that larger vehicles often come with an assumption of greater safety, compact cars now boast high safety ratings thanks to advanced technological features.
Additionally, compact cars don’t skimp on modern comforts and conveniences.
Comfort features such as heated seats, advanced infotainment systems, Bluetooth capabilities, and even driver-assist technologies can be found in many compact car models.
From safety to convenience, technological advancements make compact cars a fitting choice for the modern driver.
Indeed, there is a substantial amount of appeal in compact cars from being more affordable and environmentally friendly to being easier to maneuver in city traffic.
From safety to convenience, technological advancements make compact cars a fitting choice for the modern driver.
In conclusion, whether you’re a city dweller, a family on a budget, or a conscious consumer, the compact car has its advantages.
As they continue to advance technologically and grow in popularity, the advantages of a compact car can often outweigh the temptations of a larger vehicle.
The Bottom Line
Ultimately, compact cars offer vast benefits ranging from excellent fuel efficiency to impressive maneuverability, especially in urban environments.
Despite their petite size, they offer surprisingly spacious interiors and have less impact on one’s pocket when it comes to maintenance and repair costs.
With advancements in automobile technology, many are laden with high-tech features providing a comfortable and convenient driving experience for daily usage.
Making the switch to a compact car could be an advantageous move for different driver types, fulfilling their needs and preferences, while promoting eco-friendliness and economy in the long run.